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Here is a clear, one-page rules summary for Hnefatafl, written in a concise, printable format:
HNEFATAFL — ONE-PAGE RULES SUMMARY
Objective
- Defenders (King’s side): Help the King escape to any corner square.
- Attackers: Capture the King before he escapes.
Board & Setup
- Played on a square board (commonly 11×11 or 13×13).
- King starts in the center (the throne) with defenders around him.
- Attackers are arranged around the edges in symmetrical formation.
Movement
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All pieces, including the King:
- Move any number of open squares orthogonally (like a rook in chess).
- No diagonal moves.
- Cannot jump over pieces.
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Special squares:
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Throne (center) and corner squares are restricted:
- Only the King may occupy the throne or corners.
- Other pieces may pass over the throne but not stop on it.
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Capturing
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Pieces are captured by sandwiching them between two enemies in a straight line (orthogonally), e.g.:
A X A→ X is captured. -
A piece may also be captured by being pushed against the throne or a corner with an enemy on the other side.
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Multiple captures can occur in a single move if created simultaneously.
Capturing the King
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The King is stronger:
- Usually requires 4 attackers surrounding him orthogonally (“encirclement capture”).
- If the King is adjacent to the throne, fewer attackers may be required depending on variant (common: 3-sided capture).
Winning the Game
- Defenders win if the King reaches any corner square.
- Attackers win when the King is fully surrounded and captured.
Additional Common Rules (Variant-Dependent)
- Repetition is forbidden: You cannot repeat the same board position.
- No self-capture: A move that places your own piece between two enemies is illegal.
- Exit only at corners: Edges are not escape points unless using a special variant.
If you'd like, I can also create:
- A diagrammed version of the rules,
- Printable PDF,
- Summaries customized for a specific Tafl variant (11×11, 13×13, Brandubh, Ard Ri, Tablut, etc.).